Chemistry class 12th English Medium

10. HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES – LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

10. HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES

Q. 1. Give the uses of Freon 12, DDT, carbon tetrachloride and iodoform.

Ans⇒ (i) Freon-12 :

Preparation : The chlorofluorocarbon compounds of methane and ethane are collectively known as freons. Dichloro difluoro methane (Freon 12) is the most common freons. It is manufactured from tetrachloro methane by the action of antimony trifluoride in the presence of antimony pentafluoride. This is known as swarts reaction.

3CCl4           +          2SbF3         +         3CCl2F2 +2SbCl3
Carbon                   Antimony                 (Freon)
tetrachloride         trifluoride.

Uses : (a) It is used as a refrigerant (cooling agent) in refrigerators and air conditioners.

(b) It is also used as a propellant in aerosols and foams to spray out deodorants, cleaners, hair sprays, shaving creams.

(c) It is also used as insecticides.

(ii) DDT (p, p’-Dichlorodiphenyl trichloro ethane) :

Preparation : It is manufactured by the conden sation of chlorobenzene with trichloro acetal-dehyde (chloral) in the presence of sulphuric acid.

It is manufactured by the conden sation of chlorobenzene

uses: (a) It is powerful insecticide. It is highly stable and not easily decomposed.

(b) It is used for killing insects and mosquitoes.

(iii) Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) :

PreParation : It is prepared industrially by chlorination of methane and by the action of chlorine
on carbon disulphide in the presence of aluminium chloride as catalyst.

(i) CH4 + 4Cl2 on carbon disulphide in the presence of aluminium CCl4 + 4HCl

(ii) CS2 + 3Cl2 on carbon disulphide in the presence of aluminium CCl4        +       S2Cl2
Carbon                            Carbon             Sulphur
disulphide               tetrachloride         monochloride

Uses : (a) It is used as a solvent for oils, fats and waxes.

    (b) It is used as a fire extinguisher under the name pyrene.
    (c) It is used as dry cleaning.
    (d) It is used for the manufacture of freon.

   (iv) Iodoform (CHI3) :

Preparation : It is prepard by using ethanol or acetone with sodium hydroxide and iodine or sodium carbonate and iodine in water.

(a) CH3CH2OH + 6NaOH + 4l2 (ii) CS2 + 3Cl2CCl4 + S2Cl2 Carbon Carbon Sulphur disulphide tetrachloride monochloride

.                                                   CHI3 + HCOONa + 5H2O + 5NaI (Iodoform)

(b) CH3COCH3 + 4NaOH + 3Ion carbon disulphide in the presence of aluminium
.                                             CHI3CH3COONa + 3H2O + 3NaI (Iodoform)

Uses : (a) It is used as an antiseptic and this nature is due to iodine that it liberates. However, because of its very unpleasant smell, it has now been replaced by better antiseptics.

(b) It is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.

Q. 2. How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds ?

(i) Butane-1,3-diol
(ii) But-2-enal
(iii) But-2-enoic acid.

Ans⇒ (i)

Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following

Q. 3. Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions :

Draw the structures of major monohalo products

 

Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following

Q. 4. Draw the structure of all eight strutural isomers that have the molecular formula C5H11Br. Name each isomer according to IUPAC system and classify them as primary, secondary or tertiary bromide.

Ans⇒ CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2Br……..1-Bromopentane (1°)
CH2CH2CH2CHBr CH3……………..2 -Bromopentane (2°)
CH3CH2CH (Br) CH2CH2…. ………3 -Bromopentane (2°)
(CH3)2 CHCH2CH2Br…..1-Bromo-3-methyl butane (1°)
(CH3)2 CHCHBrCH3…….2-Bromo-3-methyl butane (2°)
(CH3)2 CBrCH2CH3……..2-Bromo-2-methyl butane (3°)
CH3 CH2 CH(CH)3 CH2Br …1-Bromo-2-methyl butane (1°)
(CH3)3 CCH2Brl……..-Bromo-2, 2-dimethyl propane (1°)

Q. 5. Write the chemical equations for the following conversions :

(i) Chloroform to acetic acid.
(ii) Acetaldehyde to chloroform.
(iii) Chloroform to ethyne (acetylene).
(iv) Ethanol to chloroform.

Ethanol to chloroform

Q. 6. Write the structure of isomers of C5H11Br.

Ans. (i) CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2Br
1-bromopetane

Write the structure of isomers of

2,2-dimethyl-1-bromo pentane

Q. 7. Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions :

(a) CH2CH2CH2Cl + NaIWrite the structure of the major organic product
(b) (CH3)3CBr + KOH Write the structure of the major organic product
(c) CH2CH(Br)CH2CH3 + NaOH Write the structure of the major organic product aq. ethanol
(d) CH3CH2Br + KCN →
(e) C6H5ONa + C2H5Cl →
(f) CH3CH2CH2OH + SOCl2
(g) CH3CH2CH = CH + HBr Write the structure of the major organic product
(h) CH3CH = C(CH3)2 + HBr →

Ans⇒ (a)

CH3CH2CH2Cl + Nal CH3CH2CH2Cl + Nal . CH3CH2CH2I + NACl
(Propyl chloride)                    (Major product)

(b) (CH3)3CBr + KOH → name of the following: – C = CH2 + KBr
Tertiary butyl bromide                Isobutane
.                                                    (Major product)
(c) CH3CH(Br) CH2CH3 + NaOH name of the following:
(2- bromo butane)
CK3CH = CHCH3 + CH3CH2OH = CH2
(but-2 -ene)           (but-1 -ene)
(Major product)        (Minor product)
(d) CH3 CH2Br + KCN name of the following: CH3CH2C ≅ KBr
(e) C6H5ONA + C2H5Cl name of the following C6H5OC2H5 + NaCl
.                                                         (Ethoxy benzyl ethane)
(f) CH3CH2CH2OH + SOCl2 CH3CH2CH2Cl + SO2 + HCl
(Propan- l -ol)                           Propyl chloride
.                                                                (Major product)
.                                                                Peroxide
10. HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES Q. 105. Give the uses of Freon 12, DDT, carbon tetrachloride and iodoform. Ans. (i) Freon-12 : Preparation : The chlorofluorocarbon compounds of methane and ethane are collectively known as freons. Dichloro difluoro methane (Freon 12) is the most common freons. It is manufactured from tetrachloro methane by the action of antimony trifluoride in the presence of antimony pentafluoride. This is known as swarts reaction. 3CCl4           +          2SbF3         +         3CCl2F2 +2SbCl3 Carbon                   Antimony                 (Freon) tetrachloride         trifluoride. Uses : (a) It is used as a refrigerant (cooling agent) in refrigerators and air conditioners. (b) It is also used as a propellant in aerosols and foams to spray out deodorants, cleaners, hair sprays, shaving creams. (c) It is also used as insecticides. (ii) DDT (p, p'-Dichlorodiphenyl trichloro ethane) : Preparation : It is manufactured by the conden sation of chlorobenzene with trichloro acetal-dehyde (chloral) in the presence of sulphuric acid. uses: (a) It is powerful insecticide. It is highly stable and not easily decomposed. (b) It is used for killing insects and mosquitoes. (iii) Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) : PreParation : It is prepared industrially by chlorination of methane and by the action of chlorine on carbon disulphide in the presence of aluminium chloride as catalyst. (i) CH4 + 4Cl2 CCl4 + 4HCl (ii) CS2 + 3Cl2 CCl4        +       S2Cl2 Carbon                            Carbon             Sulphur disulphide               tetrachloride         monochloride Uses : (a) It is used as a solvent for oils, fats and waxes.     (b) It is used as a fire extinguisher under the name pyrene.     (c) It is used as dry cleaning.     (d) It is used for the manufacture of freon.    (iv) Iodoform (CHI3) : Preparation : It is prepard by using ethanol or acetone with sodium hydroxide and iodine or sodium carbonate and iodine in water. (a) CH3CH2OH + 6NaOH + 4l2 .                                                   CHI3 + HCOONa + 5H2O + 5NaI (Iodoform) (b) CH3COCH3 + 4NaOH + 3I2  .                                             CHI3CH3COONa + 3H2O + 3NaI (Iodoform) Uses : (a) It is used as an antiseptic and this nature is due to iodine that it liberates. However, because of its very unpleasant smell, it has now been replaced by better antiseptics. (b) It is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Q. 106. How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds ? (i) Butane-1,3-diol (ii) But-2-enal (iii) But-2-enoic acid. Ans. (i) Q. 107. Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions : Q. 108. Draw the structure of all eight strutural isomers that have the molecular formula C5H11Br. Name each isomer according to IUPAC system and classify them as primary, secondary or tertiary bromide. Ans. CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2Br........1-Bromopentane (1°) CH2CH2CH2CHBr CH3.................2 -Bromopentane (2°) CH3CH2CH (Br) CH2CH2.... .........3 -Bromopentane (2°) (CH3)2 CHCH2CH2Br.....1-Bromo-3-methyl butane (1°) (CH3)2 CHCHBrCH3.......2-Bromo-3-methyl butane (2°) (CH3)2 CBrCH2CH3........2-Bromo-2-methyl butane (3°) CH3 CH2 CH(CH)3 CH2Br ...1-Bromo-2-methyl butane (1°) (CH3)3 CCH2Brl........-Bromo-2, 2-dimethyl propane (1°) Q. 109. Write the chemical equations for the following conversions : (i) Chloroform to acetic acid. (ii) Acetaldehyde to chloroform. (iii) Chloroform to ethyne (acetylene). (iv) Ethanol to chloroform. Q. 110. Write the structure of isomers of C5H11Br. Ans. (i) CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2Br 1-bromopetane 2,2-dimethyl-1-bromo pentane Q. 11. Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions : (a) CH2CH2CH2Cl + NaI (b) (CH3)3CBr + KOH (c) CH2CH(Br)CH2CH3 + NaOH aq. ethanol (d) CH3CH2Br + KCN → (e) C6H5ONa + C2H5Cl → (f) CH3CH2CH2OH + SOCl2 → (g) CH3CH2CH = CH + HBr (h) CH3CH = C(CH3)2 + HBr → Ans. (a) CH3CH2CH2Cl + Nal CH3CH2CH2I + NACl     (Propyl chloride)                    (Major product) (b) (CH3)3CBr + KOH → - C = CH2 + KBr Tertiary butyl bromide                Isobutane .                                                    (Major product) (c) CH3CH(Br) CH2CH3 + NaOH          (2- bromo butane)                     CK3CH = CHCH3 + CH3CH2OH = CH2                         (but-2 -ene)           (but-1 -ene)                    (Major product)        (Minor product) (d) CH3 CH2Br + KCN CH3CH2C ≅ KBr (e) C6H5ONA + C2H5Cl C6H5OC2H5 + NaCl  .                                                         (Ethoxy benzyl ethane) (f) CH3CH2CH2OH + SOCl2 → CH3CH2CH2Cl + SO2 + HCl             (Propan- l -ol)                           Propyl chloride .                                                                (Major product) .                                                                Peroxide . . ............................................................................ Q. 112. Give the IUPAC name of the following: (a) (CH3)2 CHCH2I (b) (CH3)2CHCICH3 (c) CH3CHBr (CH3)2 CH2CH (d) (CH3)2 CClCBr(CH3)2. ..................................................... 2-chloro-2- methyl propane (c) CH3CHBrC (CH)3)2 CH2CH3 4-Bromo, 3- dimethyl pentane (d) (CH3)2CClCBr(CH3)2 Q. 113. Explain why is ortho-nitrophenol more acidic than rthomethoxy benzene ? Ans. ............................................................... NO2 group is electron withdrawing due to resonace and inductive effect will OCH3 group has + R effect and increases the electron density arounds H of O–H group. There fore, removal of Has H+ ion is easier in o-nitrohenol than in o-methoxy benzene. Hence, o-nitrophenol is more acidic than o-methoxy benzene.

Q. 8. Give the IUPAC name of the following:

(a) (CH3)2 CHCH2I
(b) (CH3)2CHCICH3
(c) CH3CHBr (CH3)2 CH2CH
(d) (CH3)2 CClCBr(CH3)2.

Explain why is ortho-nitrophenol more acidic than

2-chloro-2- methyl propane

(c) CH3CHBrC (CH)3)2 CH2CH3
          4-Bromo, 3- dimethyl pentane
(d) (CH3)2CClCBr(CH3)2
1-Bromo dimethyl 2- chloro 2 methyl propane

Q. 9. Explain why is ortho-nitrophenol more acidic than rthomethoxy benzene ?

Ans⇒ Explain why is ortho-nitrophenol more acidic than

NO2 group is electron withdrawing due to resonace and inductive effect will OCH3 group has + R effect and increases the electron density arounds H of O–H group. There fore, removal of Has H+ ion is easier in o-nitrohenol than in o-methoxy benzene. Hence, o-nitrophenol is more acidic than o-methoxy benzene.


Class 12th Chemistry Long Type Question 

S.NCHEMISTRY LONG TYPE QUESTION 2022
1SOLID STATE 
2SOLUTION
3ELECTROCHEMISTRY
4CHEMICAL KINETICS
5SURFACE CHEMISTRY
6GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS
7 THE P-BLOCK ELEMENTS
8 THE D- AND f-BLOCK ELEMENTS
9 CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS
10HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES
11ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS
12ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
13AMINES
14BIOMOLECULES
15 POLYMERS
16CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
17DISTINGUISH BETWEEN PAIR
18CONVERSIONS

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